Unit 9
Structure
9
Model 1
1. It was believed in ancient times that the mind was based in the heart.
2. It is now claimed that it is never too early to learn.
3. It is believed by some scientists that the left side of the human brain is responsible for logic.
4. It was discovered long ago that the earth is round.
Model 2
1. It was not until after midnight that he fell asleep.
Not until after midnight did he fall asleep.
2. It was not until recently that scientists knew much about lung cancer.
Not until recently did scientists know much about lung cancer.
3. It was not until bedtime that the boy ever remembered to do his homework.
Not until bedtime did the boy ever remember to do this homework.
4. It was not until after his death that he was recognized as a writer of genius.
Not until after his death was he recognized as a writer of genius.
Model 3
1. The more we know about the working of the brain, the better use we’ll be able to put it to.
2. The more scientists find out about the brain, the more questions they are unable to answer.
3. The more exercise we have, the healthier we will be.
4. The better tools we have, the easier the joy will be.
Cloze
10
(A)
potential, complex, differs, ancient, recent, limit, ability, recall, exactly, compared to, unable, complicated
(B)
1
to, with, hear, side, with, it, side, work, both, done/made, which, with, both, who, much, working, which, therefore, to
2
An, something, forgotten, and, important, you, review, have, what, of, where, learnt, continue, shown, what, for, break, will, just, During, exercise, because, Therefore/So, Listening, air, other/right
Translation
1. Certain chemicals should not be mixed, as they may have a violent reaction.
2. Recent events have proved that their attitude to the government’s new foreign policy is correct.
3. This philosopher of ancient Greece seemed to be able to put complicated thoughts into simple words.
4. Over and over again, the nation has got involved in foreign wars.
5. We had a very heated discussion about the question. However, it’s not easy to tell exactly what each person said.
6. In the past twenty years, there has been a great increase in the amount of research being done on the cause of cancer.
7. There seems to be no limit to human beings’ ability to learn.
8. Scientists all agree that a better understanding of the human brain will help man to make full use of its limitless potential.
Unit 10
Structure
11
Model 1
1. She listened to a continual strange noise coming from the next room, her heart beating fast.
2. The old beggar sat at the corner, tears welling up in his eyes.
3. Jim continued on his way, the dog jumping about in front of him.
4. The girl in the snapshot wore a broad smile, her long hair flowing in the breeze.
Model 2
1. Mother insisted that we (should) be back before 6 in the evening.
2. The salesman insisted that the money (should) be paid before the goods were delivered.
3. The prime minister insisted that a committee (should) be set up to look into the matter.
4. His teacher insisted that he (should) read the book once again before he started writing the report.
Model 3
1. Red flags were seen billowing in the breeze, as if greeting the soldiers coming home.
2. The brook kept murmuring all the year round, as if telling a never-ending story of sorrows.
3. The young men answered the strangers kindly, as if speaking to good friends.
4. Tom turned round from time to time, as if searching for someone in the crowd.
Cloze
12
mysterious, catching up in, dusty, made her way, painfully, arrived, take him back, vanish, pulled into, expressed
13
before, really, at, for, unless, with, immediately, happened, some, the, better, it, in, at, said, with, through, name, which, offered, who, frightened, send, help, dead, cut, else, living, frightened, had, on, if
Translation
1. We were caught up in discussing the Middle East when the professor came in.
2. A lorry pulled into the snow-covered school playground.
3. The enemy was forced to retreat after midnight.
4. It was in that room that they worked hard, dreaming of the future.
5. The old lady rose from the chair and made her way to the door as soon as she heard the bell.
6. Our soldiers took over some important positions of the enemy after one-day battle.
7. The old lady exclaimed that the shop girl cheated her.
8. I noticed a strange man sooner after I board the bus. He was ill-fitting and sat rooted.
Unit 1
Structure
11
1. Henry could not take part in the sports meet because of his broken leg.
2. We were sorry to hear that Mr. Davidson had to retire at the age of fifty because of his poor health.
3. They did not go to the concert because of the heavy snow.
4. It was because of the noise that I could not fall asleep.
12
1. It is rather difficult to pronounce.
2. It is easy to explain as far as I know.
3. It is as difficult to manage as Henry’s.
4. It will be fit to wear if you shorten the sleeves.
5. To tell the truth, it is impossible to answer.
6. It is not possible to see in advance.
13
1. as far as I am concerned
2. As far as we students are concerned
3. As far as the method itself is concerned
4. As far as ability is concerned
5. as far as the acting and music are concerned
6. As far as the structure is concerned
Cloze
14
(A)
feasibility, based on, conclusions, unfit, polluted, deadly, atmosphere, extremely, For another, survive, set back, proceed
(B)
he, it, danger, problem, different, but, others, changing, that, continue, ourselves, future, ask, people, world, today, necessary, environment, world, in, around, prevent, at, protect, everyone, save
Translation
1. Gases such as carbon monoxide, emitted by factories and automobiles, have seriously polluted the atmosphere.
2. The industrial engineer’s letter indicates that he doubts the feasibility of the plan.
3. Many parents in the United States set aside a fund for their children’s education before they are born.
4. I have made sure that her conclusion is based on facts.
5. The medical team, composed of three doctors and two nurses, set off for the mountainous area a few days ago.
6. The village is named after the high mountain that stands in front of it.
7. He was ill for about a week, which has really set him back in his studies.
8. The war that broke out between the North and the South in 1861 is known in history as the American Civil War.
Unit 2
Structure
11
1. During the time that
2. As long as
3. Although
4. as long as
5. Whereas
6. Although
7. Whereas
8. Although
12
1. They frightened the child into telling the truth.
2. He tricked her into marrying him by pretending that he was the son of a millionaire.
3. My tactless words forced the old gentleman into buying something he could not possible afford.
4. He finally talked me into accepting his terms.
5. The girl persuaded her father into giving up smoking.
6. Their severe criticism shocked her into realizing her selfishness.
13
1. Guests are to be back in the hotel by twelve o’clock.
2. An investigation is to be made next week.
3. I am to meet them at the airport.
4. You are to finish your homework before you watch TV.
5. The medicine is to be taken three times a day after meals.
6. Bob and Susan are to get married in October.
Cloze
14
(A)
host, heated, argument, impulse, tone, Shortly, emerged, slam, crawled, crisis
(B)
corner, attention, noticed, shining, directed, There, bed, snake, its, feet, from, however, do, as, forward, neither, still, if, through, floor, pulling, under, cried, out, to, where, made, eyes
Translation
15
1. Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.
2. The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.
3. Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.
4. While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.
5. The letter is to be handed to Dr. Wilson himself.
6. While she felt like joining in the argument. Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.
7. What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home?
8. The hunter’s face lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of the trap he had laid.
Unit 3
Structure
13
1. Although advanced in years, Thomas Edison remained as active and creative as many young people.
2. While still at college, Miss Leacock had her first novel published.
3. A tiger cannot be tamed unless caught very young.
4. The old lady carrying a basketful of eggs was run down by a taxi when crossing the street.
5. I am sure Mr. White’s latest play, once staged, will prove to be a great success.
6. Ben is fully aware that if not properly managed, his shirt factory will have to close down in less than a year.
14
1. nor could he sing
2. nor were my classmates
3. nor does he intend to start now
4. nor did they invite my parents
5. nor had her husband
6. nor did he ever find out
15
1. It was Jefferson who wrote the Declaration of Independence.
2. It is with genuine feeling that the author praises all that is progressive.
3. It was on the beach that Miss White found the child lying dead.
4. It was because the water had risen that we could not cross the river.
5. It was Jim, a heartless fellow, who was heard shouting at his mother in the dead of night.
6. It was not until I told her that Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.
16
1. Paul considered himself fortunate to have been admitted to Harvard University.
2. Don’t you think it good for us to remember Jefferson’s emphasis upon knowledge as a basis for action?
3. Today people find it impossible for one person to learn what needs to be known about all subjects.
4. His duty fulfilled, Henry felt a great weight taken off his hand.
5. Alice considered herself lucky that she was not injured in the accident.
6. The Chinese working class made its strength felt by playing the main role in the May 4th Movement.
Cloze
17
(A)
action, personal, source, obtain, educated, origin, agreement, go, conflict, constantly, acted on, left behind
(B)
before, aged, following, Now, lying, for, that, as, in, that, might, life, away, saved, was, given, does, the, done, more, in, and
Translation
18
1. It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.
2. By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.
3. It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his had eyesight.
4. The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.
5. Henry’s works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother’s.
6. The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment.
7. Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didn’t because as a soldier he had to obey the order.
8. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.
Unit 4
Word building
8
unlock, unpacked, undo, unfolded, unsay, undressed
9
a blue-eyed girl; a kind-hearted woman; a simple-minded young man; a double-faced guy; long-haired rabbits; a white-haired girl; a left-handed person; a red-tailed bird; a narrow-minded man; a short-sighted woman
Structure
10
surprising/ surprise; surprised; excited, interested; frightened; bored, closing; closed; frightening; winning; amusing, thinking; lost
11
1. The rumor proved (to be) true.
2. The experiment proved (to be) a success in the end.
3. The student proved (to be) much brighter than he had first appeared.
4. His experiences on the farm proved (to be) a turning point in his writing career.
12
1. I could say “Thank you”
2. I had time to look over my answers
3. most of the students understand the first problem
4. I could stop him
13
1. the letter must have been written by a small child
2. they are probably Japanese
3. he might have failed in his English exam
4. the performance must be a great success
Cloze
14
(A)
advertised, local, slim, apply, disapproval, consisted of, attached importance, Obviously, in common, salary, prospect, post
(B)
Out, apply, others, know, preferred/chose, single, a, at, behind/after, careful, to, considerate/thoughtful, when, questions, polite, rest/others, floor, placed, turn, When, noticed, brushed, nails, excellent, more
Translation
15
1. She got a post as a cashier at a local bank. But she was soon fired because she proved (to be) incompetent.
2. It is obviously/ clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.
3. No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.
4. Bill has applied to Harvard University for a teaching assistantship, but his chances of getting it are slim.
5. Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.
6. The room smells of stale air. It must have been vacant for a long time.
7. As far as hobbies are concerned, Jane and her sister have little in common.
8. It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.
Unit 5
Structure
12
1. Joe’s father was seen to return after work.
2. The wind was heard to roar through the trees.
3. I don’t think Tom can be made to take the boss’s office.
4. The young man was seen to enter the building next to the bank.
5. When she was in Shanghai the actress was heard to say she had long thought of this city as her second home.
6. After the minister of education had finished speaking at the press conference, he was made to answer all sorts of questions.
13
1. The doctor advised that Mike (should) stay in hospital until he was fully recovered.
2. Cathy’s father insisted that she (should) take a two-week rest before going back to work.
3. The chairman of the Trade Union suggested that a special committee (should) be set up to look into the problem.
4. The commander ordered that our company (should) start the attack before dawn.
5. Knowing Jack to be a dishonest chap, I demanded that he (should) tell me nothing but the truth.
6. The dean of the philosophy department requested that the visiting scholar (should) give a lecture on Sartre.
Cloze
14
(A)
bewildered, impressed, modest, profound, displayed, ambition, singled out, puzzle, capable, at ease
(B)
by, with, listened, gave, told, lecture, sure, Why, for, agreed, two, hall, before, place, began, single, success, people, shaking, followed, before, stopped, a, listened, not, nodded, did, thought, but, order, was, answer
Translation
15
1. The little girl ran so fast that she was thrown off balance and fell over.
2. I was impressed by his devotion to his research but I did not have the slightest interest in his profound theories.
3. Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.
4. I was so bewildered by their conflicting advice that I did not know how to act.
5. At first this complicated problem frustrated them, but after thinking it over carefully they finally worked out a solution.
6. The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight when a young pioneer presented him with a bunch of flowers.
7. I really don’t see why our English teacher should single out our monitor for praise since we have all done quite well this term.
8. I believe in the theory that the higher animals developed from the lower ones.
Unit 6
Structure
10
1. Once a good beginning is made
2. Once you understand these rules
3. Once he makes a promise
4. Once (they are) put down in black and white
5. Once you get into the habit of smoking
6. Once she began to write in English
11
1. I had a lot of trouble getting the car started this morning.
2. You won’t have much difficulty getting to know people in Italy.
3. The conceited young man said he had no difficulty whatsoever reading technical drawings.
4. To the teacher’s surprise, most of the students in his class had little difficulty working out the hard math problems.
5. Did you have any trouble finding the butterfly specimen Prof. Nolen wanted?
6. The shepherds had a great deal of trouble driving the sheep to a place of safety in the snowstorm.
12
1. Einstein is so famous that there is no one who doesn’t know him.
2. There is almost nothing that his dog won’t eat.
3. There is no one who doesn’t make any mistakes in his lifetime.
4. There is no goal that you cannot obtain so long as you have an honest attitude and a strong will.
5. There is nobody here who won’t lend you a helping hand when you find yourself in difficulty.
6. John is called Mr. Fix. It because there is almost nothing that he cannot fix.
Cloze
13
(A)
surgical, confident, sound, case, dwell on, emergency, sweat, competent, bound, or another, relax, handle
(B)
1
from, examined, nothing, trouble, much, same, ago, advice, you, pay, worry, followed, again, quite, that, tailor
2
how, answer, cut, surgeon, had, over, only, found, by, got, then, saying, around
Translation
14
1. If/ As long as you keep (on) trying, you will be able to resolve this difficult problem sooner or later.
2. We anticipate encountering/ that we will encounter resistance to our plan/ our plan will meet with resistance.
3. Jim’s friends said that the noise pollution in their city was terrible, but they had to live with it.
4. At first Tom thought that with his knowledge, skill and experience he was bound to find a satisfactory job.
5. It would be wise to handle this delicate problem with calmness and patience.
6. Dick thought that if he wasn’t able to take the machine apart, chances were that no other worker in the plant could, either.
7. Do you think bus drivers should take full responsibility for the passengers’ safety?
8. You needn’t dwell on your mistakes in judgment any more. What’s important is to try your best to avoid repeating them.
